Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach, with CAR T-cell therapy at the forefront of personalized medicine. By genetically engineering a patient’s T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors, this therapy enables precise recognition and elimination of tumor cells. CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in hematologic cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Advances in gene editing, vector design, and cell manufacturing continue to broaden its therapeutic potential for patients with relapsed or refractory disease.