Vaccines stimulate the production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (Bmems), which can re-enter secondary germinal centers (GCs) upon booster vaccination or antigen re-exposure. the positioning of memory B cells, was guided by macrophages enhancing their ability to rapidly respond to a booster dose. Therefore, they undergo further refinement of their B cell receptors through additional mutations. macrophages within the lymph nodes become ‘primed’ after initial vaccination. As a result, a booster shot—building on the foundation set by the initial vaccine—can elicit a faster and more potent immune response.
More readings:
Macrophages direct location-dependent recall of B cell memory to vaccination, Cell, June 26, 2025
